Quartz Reinforced Unsaturated Polyester Resin Composites: Preparation and Characterization
Asian Journal of Applied Chemistry Research,
Page 14-25
DOI:
10.9734/ajacr/2021/v10i130226
Abstract
Compression molding has produced quartz-reinforced polyester composites (QPCs) weighing 10 to 40 per cent quartz relative to the weight of unsaturated polyester resin. Synergistic changes were made in the composite properties and were superior to those of the individual components. The composite's physical and mechanical properties such as bulk density, water absorption , tensile strength, flexural strength, hardness have illustrated the competency of the composite being developed. It was found that for the resultant composite examined, the percentage of water absorption is very small. However, when quartz content were increased, water absorption grew very slowly. Enhancement of mechanical properties strongly corresponds to strong adhesion force of quartz with the matrix and it influenced by well-disperse quartz particles on the whole surface of composite. This paper also performed thermal characterization of the composites. Because of these remarkable properties, as prepared composite can find applications in packaging, fuel cell, solar cell, structural materials and households purposes.
Keywords:
- Polymer matrix composites
- quartz reinforcement
- polyester matrix
- physical properties
- mechanical properties
- thermal properties
How to Cite
Das, S. K., Nath, M. R., Das, R. C., Mondal, M., & Bhowmik, S. (2021). Quartz Reinforced Unsaturated Polyester Resin Composites: Preparation and Characterization. Asian Journal of Applied Chemistry Research, 10(1), 14-25. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajacr/2021/v10i130226
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Available:https://doi.org/10.1177/0731684409351166
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Available:https://doi.org/10.1080/03602559909351583
Kominar V and Narkis M. Failure of highly filled quartz/polyester particulate composites as a function of coupling agent content. Science and Engineering of Composite Materials, 1994;3(1):61- 65.
Sultana R, Akter R, Qadir MR, Gafur MA, Alam MZ. Thermal properties of porcelain reinforced polyester resin composites Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 2017;52(2) :147–152.
Miao P, Chunling Z, Liu B, Jianxin M . Dielectric and Thermal Properties of Epoxy Resin Nano composites containing Polyhedral OligomericSilsesquioxane. Journal of Materials Science Research. 2013;2:153-162.
DOI:10.5539/jmsr.v2n1p153
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DOI:10.1177/0731684408100699..
Hussain F, Hojjati M, Okamoto M, Gorga RE. Review article: polymer-matrix nanocomposites, processing, manufacturing, and application: an overview. J Compos Mat. 2006;40:1511-1575.
Available:https://doi.org/10.1177/0021998306067321
Abral H, Kadriadi D, Rodianus A, Mastariyanto P, Arief S, Sapuan SM, Ishak MR. Mechanical properties of water hyacinth fibers– polyester composites before and after immersion in water. Materials & Design. 2014;58:125- 129.
Available:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2014.01.043
Bavan DS, Kumar GCM. Thermal properties of Maize Fiber Reinforced Unsaturated Polyester resin Composites. Proc World ConrEng Vol (III) WCE London, UK;2013. ISBN: 978-988-19252-9-9
John K, Nnaidu SV. Tensile properties of unsaturated polyester-based sisal fiber–glass fiber hybrid composites. J Rein Plast Compos. 2004;23(17):1815-1819.
Available:https://doi.org/10.1177/0731684404041147
Hussein MA, Rozman HD, Tay GS. The effect of kenaffibre loadings on the properties of UV-cured unsaturated polyester composites. J Rein Plast Compos. 2013;32(14):1062-1071.
DOI:10.1177/0731684413481863
Boopalan M, Niranjanaa M, Umapathy MJ. Study on the mechanical properties and thermal properties of jute and banana fiber reinforced epoxy hybrid composites. Composites Part B: Engineering. 2013; 51:54-57.
Available:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2013.02.033
Takai C, Masayoshi F, Takashi M. Improvement of Nano Silica Particle Dispersability into Polymer Matrix, Ceramics, Research Lab., Nagoya Institute of Technology;2002.
DOI: 10.1016/j.proche.2012.06.016
Zhou SX, Wu LM, Sun J, Shen WD. Effect of nanosilica on the properties of polyester-based polyurethane. J Appl Polym Sci. 2003;88:189–193.
Available:https://doi.org/10.1002/app.11624
Sreenivasan VS, Rajini N, Alavudeen A, Arumugaprabhu V. Dynamic mechanical and thermo-gravimetric analysis of Sansevieriacylindrica/polyester composite: Effect of fiber length, fiber loading and chemical treatment. Composites Part B: Engineering. 2015;69:76-86.
Available:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2014.09.025
Learmonth GS, Nesbit A. Flammability of Polymers. V. Thermal Volatilization Analysis of Polyester Resin Compositions. British Polymer Journal. 1972;4:317- 325.
Available:https://doi.org/10.1002/pi.4980040407.
Maniruzzaman M, Rahman MH, Hafizuddin SM, Gufur MA. The properties of Agave cantala natural fibre polypropylene composites. Asian Textile Journal. 2006; 15(7):61–64.
Hilary LN, Luna IZ, Chowdhury AMS, Gafur MA, Khan AR. Preparation and mechanical characterization of polyester resin/china clay nanocomposites. European Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry. 2016;3(1):49–57.ISSN 2398-1385
Van DVK, Kienkens P. Macro-molecular materials and engineering. 2001;4;237-286.
ASTM D1505-18. Standard Test Method for Density of Plastics by the Density-Gradient Technique. ASTM International, West Conshohocken;2018.
Available:http://www.astm.org
ASTM D570-98. Standard test method for water absorption of plastics. ASTM International, West Conshohocken;2018. Available:http://www.astm.org
ASTM D790-02. Standard Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materials. ASTM International, West Conshohocken;2002.
Available:http://www.astm.org
ASTM D790-17. Standard test methods for flexural properties of Unrein- forced and reinforced plastics and electrical insulating materials. ASTM International, West Conshohocken;2017. Available:http://www.astm.org
ASTM D638-14. Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics. ASTM International, West Conshohocken; 2014.
Available:http://www.astm.org
Hodgkinson JM. Mechanical Testing of Advanced Fibre Composites. Woodhead Publishing Ltd., Cambridge;2000.
HARDMEKO. Hardness measurements theory and application in laboratories and industries. Washington DC;2004.
Nakka JS, Jansen KMB, Ernst LJ. Effect of chain flexibility in the network structure on the viscoelasticity of epoxy the rmosets. J Polym Res. 2011;18:1879- 1888.
Available:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10965-011-9595-5
Islam MM, Kabir MA, Kabir H, Ahmed F, Gafur MA. Physical, Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Sand Reinforced Polyester Resin Composite. International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy. 2015;56:99–103.
Available:https://doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilcpa.56.99
Chandrasekhar S, Satyanarayana K, Pramada P and Majeed J. Effect of calcinations temperature and heating rate on the optical properties and reactivity of rice husk ash. Journal of Materials Science (Norwell), 2006;41(1):7926-7933.
DOI: 10.1007/s10853-006-0859-0
Dhakal HN, Zhang ZY, Richardson MOW. Effect of Water Absorption on the Mechanical Properties of Hemp Fibre Reinforced Unsaturated Polyester Composites. Composites Science and Technology. 2007; 67:1674-1683.
Available:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2006.06.019
Sultana R, Akter R, Alam MZ, Qadir MR, Begum MA, Gafur MA. Preparation and characterization of sand reinforced polyester composites. Int J Eng Technol. 2013;13(2):111-118.
Zhang M, Bin L, Sundararaj U. Effects of processing sequence on clay dispersion, phase morphology, and thermal and rheological behaviors of PA6-HDPEClay nanocomposites. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012;125:714–724.
Available:https://doi.org/10.1002/app.36692
Moczo J, Pukanszky B. Polymer micro and nanocomposites: structure, interactions, properties. J Indust Eng Chem. 2008;14:535-563.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2008.06.011
Jordan J, Jacob KI, Tannenbaum R, Sharaf MA, Jasiuk I. The Use of Cellulose Nanofillers in Obtaining Polymer Nanocomposites: Properties, Processing, and Applications. Mater. Sci. Eng. 2005; 393:1–11.
Available:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2004.09.044
Firoozian P, Akil HM, Khalil HA. Prediction of mechanical properties of mica-filled epoxy composite using various mechanical models. Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites. 2010: 29,2368-2378.
Available:https://doi.org/10.1177/0731684409351166
Ismail MR, Ali MAM, AfifiM S, El-MiligyA A, Stdies on sand-unsaturated polyester resin composite materials, Polym.- Plast. Technol. Eng. 1999;38(2):351-369.
Available:https://doi.org/10.1080/03602559909351583
Kominar V and Narkis M. Failure of highly filled quartz/polyester particulate composites as a function of coupling agent content. Science and Engineering of Composite Materials, 1994;3(1):61- 65.
Sultana R, Akter R, Qadir MR, Gafur MA, Alam MZ. Thermal properties of porcelain reinforced polyester resin composites Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 2017;52(2) :147–152.
Miao P, Chunling Z, Liu B, Jianxin M . Dielectric and Thermal Properties of Epoxy Resin Nano composites containing Polyhedral OligomericSilsesquioxane. Journal of Materials Science Research. 2013;2:153-162.
DOI:10.5539/jmsr.v2n1p153
Ylidirim K, Furkan YY; Wood Quartz Substituted Composite Materials Characteristics. Bio Resources.com. 2021;16 (2):3607-3622.
DOI: 10.15376/biores.16.2.3607-3622.
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