Transmission Electron Microscopic and X-ray Diffraction Based Study of Crystallographic Bibliography Demonstrated on Silver, Copper and Titanium Nanocrystals: State of the Art Statical Review
Md. Khalid Hossain Shishir
Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering (ACCE), Islamic University (IU), Kushtia-7003, Bangladesh.
Sumaiya Islam Sadia
Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering (ACCE), Islamic University (IU), Kushtia-7003, Bangladesh.
Shanawaz Ahmed
Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering (ACCE), Islamic University (IU), Kushtia-7003, Bangladesh.
Allah Rakha Aidid
Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering (ACCE), Islamic University (IU), Kushtia-7003, Bangladesh.
Md. Masud Rana
Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering (ACCE), Islamic University (IU), Kushtia-7003, Bangladesh and Hydrogen Energy Research Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Technology (KENTECH), 200 Hyeoksin-ro, Naju-Si, Jeonnam-58330, Republic of Korea.
Md. Mehedi Hasan
Bangladesh Reference Institute for Chemical Measurements (BRiCM), Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh.
Sazal Kumar
Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering (ACCE), Islamic University (IU), Kushtia-7003, Bangladesh and School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle (UoN), Callaghan, NSW-2308, Australia.
Raton Kumar Bishwas
Institute of Glass and Ceramic Research and Testing (IGCRT), Bangladesh Councill of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh.
Md. Ashraful Alam
*
Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering (ACCE), Islamic University (IU), Kushtia-7003, Bangladesh and Institute of Glass and Ceramic Research and Testing (IGCRT), Bangladesh Councill of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
This statistical review compares the crystallographic structures of functional nanocrystals composed of silver (Ag), copper (Cu) and titanium (Ti) using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. TEM provides high-resolution imaging to directly visualize individual nanoparticles' size, internal shape and crystallinity. Statistical analysis quantifies variations in lattice parameters, crystal structure, size distributions, phase compositions, lattice strains, preferred orientation and lattice volume of these three crystalline nanomaterials. The review highlights the complementary roles of TEM and XRD in comprehensive Ag, Cu and Ti nanocrystalline materials characterization. The crystallographic functional parameters of Ag were 2θ= 38.1° (111), 44.3° (200) and 64.4° (220); for Cu crystal 43.3° (111), 50.4° (200), 74.1° (220), 89.9° (311) and 95.1° (222) and 35.1° (100), 38.4° (002), 40.2° (101), 53.0° (102), 63.0° (103), 70.7° (110), 76.2° (112), 82.3° (201) demonstrated for Ti nanocrystals. The crystallographic predominant plane or Miller indices were also revealed by selected area electron diffraction (SAED) on TEM. The FCC structure of Ag and Cu is shown in larger lattice volumes compared to the HCP structure of Ti and prefer oriented. The degree of crystallinity of Ti, Cu and Ag nanocrystalline materials was observed at 90.0%, 98.0% and 100.0% respectively. This quantitative comparison provides valuable insights into the structural property relationships in these nanocrystals, enabling rational design strategies for optimizing their performance in various functional applications.
Keywords: Crystallographic bibliography, nanocrystals, phase, transmission electron microscopic, x-ray diffraction